Monument to the Holodomor victims of the 1932-1933 famine in Kiev, Ukraine

The Holodomor (literal translation Death by hunger) was a man-made famine in the Ukrainian SSR, part of the Soviet famine of 1932–1933.During the famine, which is also known as the "terror-famine in Ukraine" and "famine-genocide in Ukraine", millions of Ukrainians died of starvation in a peacetime catastrophe unprecedented in the history of Ukraine. Early estimates of the death toll by scholars and government officials varied greatly; anywhere from 1.5 to 12 million ethnic Ukrainians were said to have been killed as a result of the famine. Recent research has since narrowed the estimates to between 2.2 and 4 million deaths inside Ukraine, and up to 5 million if about 1 million deaths in heavily Ukrainian-populated Kuban are included. The demographic deficit caused by unborn or unrecorded births is said to be as high as 6 million. The older, higher estimates are still often cited in political texts. The causes of the famine are controversial, and scholars disagree on the relative importance of natural factors and bad economic policies, and debate whether the intentional destruction of Ukrainian peasants took place. Some scholars and politicians use the word Holodomor to emphasize the man-made aspects of the famine, arguing that it was genocide, and some consider the events comparable to the Holocaust. They have argued that the Soviet policies were designed as an attack on the rise of Ukrainian nationalism, and therefore fall under the legal definition of genocide. Others, however, claim that the Holodomor was a consequence of the economic problems associated with radical economic changes implemented during the period of Soviet industrialization.

24 sept. 2010

LMY22T01_BX1PCG

uniquement en France

Non

Non

Droits gérés

60,2Mo (3,3Mo) / 47,5cm x 31,7cm / 5616 x 3744 (300dpi)